The pancreas produces the hormone insulin which helps cells absorb glucose. Once glucose enters the cell, the process of glycolysis begins, in which glucose is transformed into usable energy. Glucose is a sugar consumed from the carbohydrates in the diet.
Cause of Diabetes in Cats
Unlike humans, protein is what stimulates the release of insulin in cats. As obligate carnivores, cats do not require a significant amount of carbohydrates in their diet. They are able to make glucose from dietary protein. However, many dry cat foods today contain a high level of carbohydrates which leads to an increase in blood glucose levels. This sudden increase in glucose means they must secrete more insulin. This does not work very efficiently though, and many cats end up with type II diabetes as a result. Their bodies are just not designed to handle excess glucose.
Types of Diabetes
There are three types of diabetes: Type I, II, and gestational diabetes. Type I is known as insulin-dependant diabetes and occurs when the output of insulin is lower than normal. Type II diabetes is the kind most commonly caused by obesity. Excess fat interferes with the normal function of insulin causing body cells to become less responsive to it. Gestational diabetes is also common in companion animals, and is caused when tissues become resistant to insulin during pregnancy and therefore blood glucose increases.
Signs and Symptoms
Preventing your cat from becoming overweight or obese will dramatically reduce the risk for this disease. If diabetes does present itself the cat will most likely have an increased appetite and thirst and foul smelling breath. If you notice any sudden weight loss, although the cat is continuing to eat, this is a key sign to see your veterinarian. Weight loss with diabetes is a result of the cells not being able to process the nutrients they receive.
Diabetic cats should be fed smaller meals throughout the day to reduce any sudden peaks in glucose. Although with proper treatment and control there are no major complications, it is vital to keep your cat active. The cat will most likely need injections of insulin which will be demonstrated by your veterinarian. Managing the cat’s weight should be done only with the advice of a reliable veterinarian to avoid any complications.
Always watch your cat for signs of weakness and loss of coordination. This can mean a sudden drop in blood sugar which can cause a diabetic coma. The blood sugar level can be boosted by giving the cat some honey in water.
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